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A key organic chemistry reaction for forming carbon–carbon bonds is the cross-coupling reaction, which typically uses organohalides and organometallic reagents (such as Grignard reagents) in the presence of nickel or palladium catalysts. A common example is the Kumada coupling, where a Grignard reagent reacts with an aryl or vinyl halide under a nickel or palladium catalyst to form a new C–C bond. This reaction is widely used in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products.